Here is a list of the main characters in the anime along with some information about them.

Edward Elric, voiced by Vic Mignogna, was a very talented alchemist with a short temper.  He was fifteen years old, but was pretty short for his age.  He was very self conscious about this fact and got very angry when anyone brought it up (or when he thought they were going to).  When his mother died, he and his brother Al tried to bring her back to life using alchemy and it went horribly wrong.  He ended up losing an arm and a leg to save his brother's life.  He was given mechanical limbs and learned to deal with them, but he and Al wanted to be whole once again.  They sought out the Philosopher's Stone, a powerful stone that allowed the user to ignore the rules of alchemy and equivalent exchange.  Their journeys brought them to the city of Central where Ed became a State Alchemist; a dog of the military.  Ed won quite a reputation because of his great alchemy skills and also because of his height.  Throughout Ed and Al's search to find a way to restore their bodies, they found out many things that they didn't want to.  They learned of their father's reason for leaving them, what happens when one tries to perform a human transmutation, and just how strong their brotherly bond really was.  In the end of the show, Ed ended up sacrificing himself to the other side of the gate so that his brother could be whole.  He lived on the other side, hoping to one day reunite with his little brother so they could be happy once again.

Aaron Dismuke voiced Alphonse Elric, Ed's younger brother.  During the failed transmutation of their mother, Al lost his body, but Ed saved his soul by attaching it to a suit of armor that was nearby.  Al was safe and much stronger, but he began to doubt that he was still human after awhile.  He wondered if he was just made up from his brother's memories of him, or if he really was Al Elric.  Al cared much more for Ed's well-being than his own throughout the show, and seemed to want to help Ed get his limbs back more than he wanted to get his own body back.  He loved his older brother and would do anything to protect him.  When Ed was killed, Al used the Philosopher's Stone that was formed inside of his armor to bring him back, not worrying about the effect it would have on him.  In the end of the show, Ed sacrificed himself so that Al could be whole again.   He was a normal, twelve year old boy with no memory of the past few years (trying to bring their mother back and beyond).  He did remember Ed, though, and began training with their old teacher to become a great alchemist so that he could bring his brother back to him.

Travis Willingham was the voice of Colonel Roy Mustang.  The Flame Alchemist was completely devoted to the military and moving up the ranks (although he was also quite the ladies man).  He and Ed had a rivalry from the moment they met and it never let up throughout the show.  While Ed thought that he was just trying to gain rank, Mustang really did care about he and Al.  He didn't want anything bad to happen to the boys and was really upset when they didn't come to him for help.  In the end of the show, Mustang went against everything he believed in and rebelled against the military.  The man in charge was a Homunculus, and Mustang decided that the greater good was better than a title.

Maes Hughes was voiced by Sonny Strait.  Hughes was a military man with a quirky personality.  More than anything, he loved his daughter Alicea and went out of his way to make every conversation about her.  He also really liked Ed and Al and was one of the only people who was nice to them from the beginning.  Though Hughes seemed to be a happy-go-lucky guy, he discovered a serious situation within the military and was doing his best to uncover all information relating to it.  Just as he was getting really close to going public with his information about the Homunculi running the military, he was killed by one of them.  He was a really great character and it was good that the others continued to talk about him throughout the remainder of the show.

Scar, named for the mark on his face, was a man that hated all State Alchemist's and took it upon himself to rid the world of them.  He used to live in Ishbal with his older brother, but there was an incident that caused him to be exiled.  His brother's fiance died and he tried to bring her back to life using alchemy.  A homunculus was formed and his brother went crazy and died.  Scar sought out the Philosopher's stone and decided that he could use the souls of the military to do it.  He lured the military to an abandoned village and created a Philosopher's Stone inside of Al's armor.  I believe that he died by the end of this ordeal.

Ed and Al's alchemy teacher Izumi was a very strong woman.  She treated the boys as her own sons and wanted more than anything to protect them.  When she found out that they attempted to bring their mother back to life, she beat them up and then hugged them.  She didn't want them to follow in her footsteps and make the same mistakes that she did.  Years before, she had a baby that died and tried to bring it back to life as well.  Izumi knew that a Homunculus was created when a human transmutation failed, but she couldn't help but act like a mother when she came face to face with her "son".  She finally realized that she already had two sons that loved her and worked her hardest to keep them safe again.

Winry Rockbell was Ed and Al's friend from youth.  She was obsessed with all things mechanical and helped with Ed's arm and leg.  She worried for her two friends and didn't like them going into such dangerous situations all the time.  She seems to like Ed as more than a friend, but their relationship never went any further.  She tried to stay with them on many journeys, but they always found a way to get rid of her.  Her parents were doctors during a war and were killed in cold-blood by Colonel Mustang.  Winry wanted more than anything to cause him the same pain that he caused her, but she knew that he was just following orders.  He had already punished himself for his deeds far more than she ever could.